Applied anatomy as related to surgical and injectable procedures will be highlighted. The layered anatomy of the face will be outlined, as will the typical position of muscles and neurovascular structures. This chapter will discuss the common anatomical relationship of the face. To successfully perform these procedures, a thorough knowledge of the variant facial anatomy is required. The vast array of surgical and injectable procedures have expanded in recent years as the want and need to improve facial function and appearance has increased. Plastic surgical procedures can significantly affect facial form and function. The facial anatomy combines to give the face form and function. The relationships of nerves, vessels, and muscles of the face are fairly uniform. Variant anatomy is seen in the thickness of the soft tissue layers, and in the size and orientation of cartilaginous structures such as the nasal cartilages (nose), tarsal plates (eyelids), and facial bones (maxilla, mandible, zygoma, etc.). The anatomy of the face is fairly constant.
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